1. Remove Duplicates:
   • Write scripts to identify and remove duplicate entries. This is crucial for maintaining data integrity and preventing redundant information from being ingested.
2. Handle Missing Values:
   • Identification: Identify fields or documents with missing information.
   • Strategy: Options include:
     • Removal: Removing entire rows/documents if the missing data is critical.
     • Imputation: Filling in missing values using default values, averages, or more sophisticated techniques (though often less relevant for text-based knowledge bases).
     • Flagging: Adding a flag to indicate missing data for later review.
3. Standardize Text Data:
   • Case Normalization: Convert all text to lowercase or uppercase for consistency.
   • Whitespace Removal: Trim leading/trailing whitespaces and normalize internal whitespaces.
   • Special Character Handling: Remove or replace irrelevant special characters, emojis, or symbols that don't add value to the content.
   • Encoding Issues: Address character encoding problems (e.g., converting from ISO-8859-1 to UTF-8).

SOPs:	Tools/Methods:	Notes
Handling of duplicates	Automated scripts
Data normalization
(e.g., consistent
terminology, date formats)	Automated scripts
**Removal of irrelevant
information**	Manual review	Relevance of information is subjective and requires a domain expert.
Spelling and grammar checks	Automated scripts
Removal of sensitive data
(if applicable).	Automated scripts, Manual review	“Sensitive Data” shall be defined according to the Data Privacy Act of 2012